GLOBAL HEALTH INITIATIVE FOR THE PREVENTION OF BULLYING
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Objectives
Background
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Nature and Occurrence of Bullying
Psychosocial Risks Associated with Bullying
Bullying Prevention
Bullying Detection
Long Term Impact of Bullying

 

• Bullying is a multifaceted and toxic expression of maltreatment prevalent around the world, occurring across social settings and along the life span 1,2.
• It is understood that a person is bullied if he or she mistreated by being physically threatened or hurt; teased; taunted; called derogatory names; ridiculed; made fun of; harassed; excluded; ignored an/o subject of rumors. It is also considered bullying if somebody is   being dared to do something dangerous or inappropriate in exchange of being liked, loved or accepted in a group 1,2.
• In 2002 the American Medical Association recognized the potential serious social and mental health consequences of bullying; urged physicians to detect bullying related morbidity and advocated for the development of policies for its prevention 3.
• There is an evolving body of research documenting the bio-psycho-social antecedents and consequences of bullying and its association with a wide range of health problems affecting young people who participated in bullying by being bullied and/or bullying others 4-207.
• Hundreds of cases of deaths related to bullying have been reported in world news over the last two decades 208.
• Enacted or proposed legislation has placed the responsibility of prevention on the shoulders of organizational (educational or workplace) management with no apparent input expected from the public health sector 209-210.
• Health practitioners have a unique responsibility in the prevention, detection and treatment of bullying related morbidity, within a whole community strategy 211. This notion has been adopted by the American Psychiatric Association and American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in a Joint Position Statement for the Prevention Bullying Related Morbidity and Mortality 212.
• There is a  global need to foster the role of health practitioners in the prevention, detection and treatment of bullying related health and safety risks, within a whole community strategy 1,211.  
BACKGROUND

 

• Bullying is a multifaceted and toxic expression of maltreatment prevalent around the world, occurring across social settings and along the life span1,2.

• It is understood that a person is bullied if he or she mistreated by being physically threatened or hurt; teased; taunted; called derogatory names; ridiculed; made fun of; harassed; excluded; ignored an/o subject of rumors. It is also considered bullying if somebody is   being dared to do something dangerous or inappropriate in exchange of being liked, loved or accepted in a group1,2.

• In 2002 the American Medical Association recognized the potential serious social and mental health consequences of bullying; urged physicians to detect bullying related morbidity and advocated for the development of policies for its prevention3.

• There is an evolving body of research documenting the bio-psycho-social antecedents and consequences of bullying and its association with a wide range of health problems affecting young people who participated in bullying by being bullied and/or bullying others4-207

• Hundreds of cases of deaths related to bullying have been reported in world news over the last two decades208.

• Enacted or proposed legislation has placed the responsibility of prevention on the shoulders of organizational (educational or workplace) management with no apparent input expected from the public health sector209,210.

• Health practitioners have a unique responsibility in the prevention, detection and treatment of bullying related morbidity, within a whole community strategy211. This notion has been adopted by the American Psychiatric Association and American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in a Joint Position Statement for the Prevention Bullying Related Morbidity and Mortality212.

• There is a  global need to foster the role of health practitioners in the prevention, detection and treatment of bullying related health and safety risks, within a whole community strategy1,211.  


 

 



 


 

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84. Wang J, Iannotti RJ, Luk JW. Bullying victimization among underweight and overweight U.S. youth: differential associations for boys and girls. J Adolesc Health. 2010 Jul;47(1):99-101. Epub 2010 Feb 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2887712/?tool=pubmed

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86. Rudolph KD, Troop-Gordon W, Granger DA Individual differences in biological stress responses moderate the contribution of early peer victimization to subsequent depressive symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Mar;214(1):209-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158590/

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88. Luukkonen AH, Räsänen P, Hakko H, Riala K; STUDY-70 Workgroup. Bullying behavior in relation to psychiatric disorders and physical health among adolescents: a clinical cohort of 508 underage inpatient adolescents in Northern Finland. Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jun 30;178(1):166-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20471097

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94. Frisén A, Bjarnelind S. Health-related quality of life and bullying in adolescence. Acta Paediatr. 2010 Apr;99(4):597-603 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Fris%C3%A9n+A%2C+Bjarnelind+S.

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117. Kiriakidis SP. Bullying and suicide attempts among adolescents kept in custody. Crisis. 2008;29(4):216-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19069615

118. Fleisher WP, Schwartz L. Mental health sequelae of bullying: a review and case report. Mental health sequelae of bullying: a review and case report. Can Child Adolesc Psychiatr Rev. 2003 Feb;12(1):13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2538455/?tool=pubmed

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128. Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Bully victims: psychological and somatic aftermaths. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2008 Jun;5(6):62-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695751/?tool=pubmed

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131. Klomek AB, Sourander A, Kumpulainen K, Piha J, Tamminen T, Moilanen I, Almqvist F, Gould MS. Childhood bullying as a risk for later depression and suicidal ideation among Finnish males. J Affect Disord. 2008 Jul;109(1-2):47-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Childhood+bullying+as+a+risk+for+later+depression+and+suicidal+ideation+among+Finnish+males

132. Brousse G, Fontana L, Ouchchane L, Boisson C, Gerbaud L, Bourguet D, Perrier A, Schmitt A, Llorca PM, Chamoux A. Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying. Occup Med (Lond). 200813 Mar;58(2):122-8. http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/2/122.long

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140. Sourander A, Jensen P, Rönning JA, Niemelä S, Helenius H, Sillanmäki L, Kumpulainen K, Piha J, Tamminen T, Moilanen I, Almqvist F. What is the early adulthood outcome of boys who bully or are bullied in childhood? The Finnish "From a Boy to a Man" study. Pediatrics. 2007 Aug;120(2):397-404. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/2/397.long

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147. Fosse GK, Holen A. Childhood maltreatment in adult female psychiatric outpatients with eating disorders. Eat Behav. 2006 Nov;7(4):404-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17056418

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149. Hidaka Y, Operario D. Attempted suicide, psychological health and exposure to harassment among Japanese homosexual, bisexual or other men questioning their sexual orientation recruited via the internet. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006 Nov;60(11):962-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2465476/?tool=pubmed

150. Morris EB, Zhang B, Bondy SJ. Bullying and smoking: Examining the relationships in Ontario adolescents. J Sch Health. 2006 Nov;76(9):465-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Morris+EB%2C+Zhang+B%2C+Bondy+SJ.

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153. Buselli R, Gonnelli C, Moscatelli M, Cioni V, Guglielmi G, Gattini V, Foddis R, Mignani A, Ottenga F, Cristaudo A. [Experience of a centre for the study of occupational adjustment disorders referred to psychological harassment-related diseases at the workplace]. Med Lav. 2006 Jan-Feb;97(1):5-12. Italian. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Buselli+R%2C+Gonnelli+C%2C+Moscatelli+M%2C+Cioni+V%2C+Guglielmi+G%2C+Gattini+V%2C+Foddis+R%2C+Mignani+A%2C+Ottenga+F

154. Gunnarsdottir HK, Sveinsdottir H, Bernburg JG, Fridriksdottir H, Tomasson K. Lifestyle, harassment at work and self-assessed health of female flight attendants, nurses and teachers. Work. 2006;27(2):165-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gunnarsdottir+HK%2C+Sveinsdottir+H%2C+Bernburg+JG%2C+Fridriksdottir+H%2C+Tomasson+K.

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157. Storch EA, Heidgerken AD, Geffken GR, Lewin AB, Ohleyer V, Freddo M, Silverstein JH. Bullying, regimen self-management, and metabolic control in youth with type I diabetes. J Pediatr. 2006 Jun;148(6):784-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Storch+EA%2C+Heidgerken+AD%2C+Geffken+GR%2C+Lewin+AB%2C+Ohleyer+V%2C+Freddo+M%2C+Silverstein+JH.

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159. Fekkes M, Pijpers FI, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Effects of antibullying school program on bullying and health complaints. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Jun;160(6):638-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16754827

160. Fekkes M, Pijpers FI, Fredriks AM, Vogels T, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Do bullied children get ill, or do ill children get bullied? A prospective cohort study on the relationship between bullying and health-related symptoms. Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):1568-74. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/117/5/1568.long

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163. Gladstone GL, Parker GB, Malhi GS. Do bullied children become anxious and depressed adults?: A cross-sectional investigation of the correlates of bullying and anxious depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2006 Mar;194(3):201-8.

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165. McCabe RE, Antony MM, Summerfeldt LJ, Liss A, Swinson RP. Preliminary examination of the relationship between anxiety disorders in adults and self-reported history of teasing or bullying experiences. Cogn Behav Ther. 2003;32(4):187-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16291550

166. Vingård E, Lindberg P, Josephson M, Voss M, Heijbel B, Alfredsson L, Stark S, Nygren A. Long-term sick-listing among women in the public sector and its associations with age, social situation, lifestyle, and work factors: a three-year follow-up study. Scand J Public Health. 2005;33(5):370-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ving%C3%A5rd+E%2C+Lindberg+P%2C+Josephson+M%2C+Voss+M%2C+Heijbel+B%2C+Alfredsson+L

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176. Traweger C, Kinzl JF, Traweger-Ravanelli B, Fiala M. Psychosocial factors at the workplace--do they affect substance use? Evidence from the Tyrolean workplace study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004 Jun;13(6):399-403. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Traweger+C%2C+Kinzl+JF%2C+Traweger-Ravanelli+B%2C+Fiala+M.

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